RESISTANCE OR AEROBIC TRAINING DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE AND IMPROVES CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC CONTROL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HYPERTENSIVE MENOPAUSAL RATS

We investigated whether resistance training (RT) vs. aerobic training (AT) differentially impacts on arterial pressure and related mechanisms in ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Female SHR were ovariectomized and assigned to one of the groups: sedentary, AT, or RT; sham sedentary SHR were used as control group. AT was performed on a treadmill, while RT was performed on a vertical ladder. Both exercise protocols were performed for 8 weeks, 5 days/week. Arterial pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, autonomic modulation, and cardiac oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, redox balance, NADPH oxidase and antioxidant enzymes activities) were analyzed. Ovariectomy increased mean arterial pressure (~9 mmHg), sympathetic modulation (~40%) and oxidative stress in sedentary rats. Both RT and AT reduced mean arterial pressure (~20 and ~8 mmHg, respectively) and improved baroreflex sensitivity when compared to sedentary ovariectomized rats. However, RT-induced AP decrease was significantly less pronounced than AT. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were decreased while antioxidant enzymes were increased in both trained groups vs. sedentaries. The reduced-gluthatione was higher after AT vs. other groups, while oxidized-gluthatione was lower after RT vs. AT. Moreover, sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations were highly correlated with cardiac oxidative stress parameters. Concluding, both RT and AT can decrease arterial pressure in a model of hypertension and menopause; although at different magnitudes, this decrease was related to attenuated autonomic dysfunction in association with cardiac oxidative stress improvement in both exercise protocols.

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