Alterations in Serum Electrolytes in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

2016-06-23T08-00-51Z
Source: Advance Laboratory Medicine International
Usha Adiga, Malawadi BN.
Electrolyte disturbances are often reported in type 2 diabetics and known to originate due to multiple etiologies.It is less researched area in Indian settings which calls for a study on this topic.Objective of the study was to compare the electrolyte levels in type 2 diabetes patients with that of nondiabetic controls as well as to find the correlation of electrolytes with renal disorder of diabetes mellitus. A retrospective, case-control study was carried out in a medical college teaching hospital with 50 type 2 diabetics and 46 non-diabetic controls. Data was obtained from our clinical biochemistry laboratory attached to the 400 bedded teaching hospital. Roche electrolyte analyzer was used to measure serum electrolytes. It works on the principle of ion selective electrodes. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using MDRD formula and it is taken as the diagnostic tool for renal disorder of diabetes mellitus. Significant lowering of sodium and chloride levels were observed in diabetics compared to controls ( p=0.0096 and p=0.0236 respectively). Potassium, even though slightly elevated in patients, statistically wasnt significant. Calcium didn't differ between both the groups. We found electrolytes in normal reference interval even though we found lowered sodium and chloride levels in patients. But this is an alarming sign to be aware of electrolyte derangements in diabetics and be ready with the treatment options to avoid fatalities associated with electrolyte derangements.


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