A novel mutant Na+/HCO3− cotransporter NBCe1 in a case of compound-heterozygous inheritance of proximal renal tubular acidosis

Abstract

Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (pRTA) is a rare, recessively-inherited disease characterized by abnormally acidic blood, blindness, and below average height and weight. pRTA is typically associated with homozygous mutation of SLC4A4. SLC4A4 encodes the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransport protein NBCe1, a membrane protein that acts to maintain intracellular and plasma pH. We present the first description of a case of compound-heterozygous inheritance of pRTA. The individual has inherited two mutations in NBCe1: p. Arg510His (R510H) and p.Gln913Arg (Q913R), one from each parent. In addition to the usual features of pRTA, the patient exhibits unusual signs such as muscle spasms and fever. We have recreated these mutant transporters for expression in model systems. We find that both of the mutant proteins exhibit substantial intracellular retention when expressed in mammalian renal cell lines. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, we find that the R510H- and Q913R-mutant NBCe1 molecules exhibit apparently normal Na⁺/HCO₃⁻ cotransport activity, but that Q913R is associated with an unusual HCO₃⁻-independent anion leak. We conclude that reduced accumulation of NBCe1 protein in the basolateral membrane of proximal-tubule epithelia is the most likely cause of pRTA in this case. We further note that the Q913R-associated anion-leak could itself be pathogenic if expressed to the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, compromising the benefit of strategies to enhance mutant NBCe1 accumulation in the plasma membrane.

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