Associations between BMI Change and Cardiometabolic Risk in Retired Football Players.

Purpose: Elevated rates of cardiometabolic diseases have been observed in former American football players. The current study sought to determine if change in body mass index ([DELTA]BMI) following retirement influences the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, or high blood pressure (HBP) in former professional football players. Methods: Retired professional football players (n=3,729) were sent a survey with questions regarding health status, playing history, and demographic information. Self-reported BMI at the time of retirement was subtracted from current self-reported BMI to calculate [DELTA]BMI. Prevalence of CHD, diabetes, and HBP were determined by asking participants if they had ever been diagnosed by a healthcare professional. Binomial regression with a Poisson residual and robust variance estimation was used to compute crude prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each outcome. Adjusted PRs were calculated by adjusting for BMI at the time of retirement, age, years of football experience, race, exercise habits, alcohol use, steroid history, smoking history, and playing position. Results: Complete data were available for 2,062 respondents. Prevalence of CHD increased 25-31% for each 5-point increase in [DELTA]BMI following retirement (Crude PR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.03-1.52; p=0.026; Adjusted PR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.11-1.55; p=0.001). Diabetes prevalence increased 69-88% for each 5-point [DELTA]BMI increase (Crude: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.45-2.44; p

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