Restorative Neurostimulation for Refractory Chronic Low Back Pain: Two-Year Results from the Reactiv8: A Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) without an identifiable anatomical cause is a common condition in a spine surgery practice. An underappreciated cause of CLBP is the loss of lumbar stabilization due to arthrogenic inhibition of the multifidus muscle after an acute injury of one of the joints or discs. In most cases this spontaneously resolves within of days or weeks as the initial injury heals. However, persisting inhibition can result in a self-sustained chronic nociceptive pain state.

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