Spectrum of acute and chronic leukemia at a tertiary care hospital, Haryana, India

2016-03-28T07-32-44Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Gajender Singh, Padam Parmar, Sant Prakash Kataria, Sunita Singh, Rajeev Sen.
Background: Leukemias are primary neoplasms arising from the malignant proliferations of blood cells or their precursors. Leukemias are classified into acute/chronic myeloid and lymphoid subtype. Typing of leukemia is essential for effective therapy because prognosis and survival rate are different for each type and sub-type. Methods: A total of 356 patients diagnosed to have acute/chronic leukemia were included in our study. Only newly diagnosed cases were included in this study and patients on cancer treatment and other primary hematological malignancies like lymphomas, plasma cells disorders and metastatic deposits were excluded. Findings of bone marrow aspiration and peripheral blood were interpreted in respect to history and clinical examination. FAB classification of acute leukemia was applied for sub-typing. Results: In our study, 66.8% of patients had acute leukemia while 33.2% had chronic leukemia. Overall male preponderance was found comprising 56.46% of all cases. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were found in 29.7% and 37.3% of the patients respectively. Of chronic type leukemia, 28.3% patients had chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and only 4.7% had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). L2 was the most common (49.2%) subtype in ALL, followed by L1 (43.3%). AML sub-typing revealed M3 was the most common (50%), followed by M2 (28.7%). Adult patients (70.5%) were more commonly affected than children (29.5%). In paediatric patients ALL was the predominant diagnosis (65.71%), whereas in adult AML cases were maximum (77.27%). Conclusions: Detailed hematological analysis including peripheral blood and bone marrow aspiration smears examination with cytogentic analysis are necessary for early and definite diagnosis and effective management of hematological malignancies.


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