Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) for Examining Vestibular Function and Dysfunction

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) allow one to evaluate function (and dysfunction) of the vestibular nervous system, using stimuli that are now more reliable than earlier similar versions of this exam. Stimuli that have been developed include air-conducted sound and bone-conducted vibration and are reproducible, with a short rise-time and short duration. Responses are recorded against a background of tonic muscle activity, and the muscles that are used nowadays are the sternocleidomastoid muscle (cervical VEMPs or cVEMPs) and the inferior oblique muscle (ocular VEMPs or oVEMPs) (Colebatch et al., 1994; Rosengren et al., 2005; Iwasaki et al., 2007; Todd et al., 2007; Rosengren et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2011).

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