Cardiovascular and Renal Effects of Birdseed Associated with Aerobic Exercise in Rats

Introduction: Phalaris canariensis L. (Pc), known as birdseed, is rich in tryptophan. The aqueous extract of Pc (AEPc) treatment reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) via mechanisms mediated by the tryptophan metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Hypertension is a risk factor to cardiovascular and renal diseases. Considering that physical exercise improves hypertension and cardiovascular function, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the benefits of exercise (Ex) would be enhanced by concomitant AEPc treatment (400 mg·kg−1·d−1 p.o.). Methods: Vascular reactivity was assessed in aorta rings from SHR treated with AEPc for 4 wk. Training intensity was based on maximal lactate steady state obtained during the 2-wk adaptation period in a treadmill running. Then exercised (60 min running, five times per week during 8 wk) or sedentary SHR were untreated or treated with AEPc during 8 wk. SBP was estimated by plethysmograph. Heart mass and body mass were used to obtain the index of cardiac hypertrophy. Glucose tolerance test was evaluated by oral glucose overload, and the mRNA expressions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-10 in the kidney were obtained by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: AEPc induced endothelial-mediated vascular relaxation. AEPc or Ex alone reduced SBP, the index of cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular fibrosis, improved glucose metabolism, and attenuated proteinuria and the renal expression of the proinflammatory IL-1β with an overexpression in the anti-inflammatory IL-10. AEPc potentiated the benefits of the Ex on the cardiovascular system, metabolic parameters, and renal inflammation. Conclusion: Birdseed reduced cardiovascular risk related to hypertension and had positive effects when associated to physical exercise.

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Effect of Acute Exercise on Fatigue in People with ME/CFS/SEID: A Meta-analysis

Purpose: A prominent symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, or systemic exertion intolerance disease (ME/CFS/SEID) is persistent fatigue that is worsened by physical exertion. Here the population effect of a single bout of exercise on fatigue symptoms in people with ME/CFS/SEID was estimated and effect moderators were identified. Methods: Google Scholar was systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles published between February 1991 and May 2015. Studies were included where people diagnosed with ME/CFS/SEID and matched control participants completed a single bout of exercise and fatigue self-reports were obtained before and after exercise. Fatigue means, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted to calculate effect sizes and the 95% confidence interval. Effects were pooled using a random-effects model and corrected for small sample bias to generate mean Δ. Multilevel regression modeling adjusted for nesting of effects within studies. Moderators identified a priori were diagnostic criteria, fibromyalgia comorbidity, exercise factors (intensity, duration, and type), and measurement factors. Results: Seven studies examining 159 people with ME/CFS/SEID met inclusion criteria, and 47 fatigue effects were derived. The mean fatigue effect was Δ = 0.73 (95% confidence interval = 0.24–1.23). Fatigue increases were larger for people with ME/CFS/SEID when fatigue was measured 4 h or more after exercise ended rather than during or immediately after exercise ceased. Conclusions: This preliminary evidence indicates that acute exercise increases fatigue in people with ME/CFS/SEID more than that in control groups, but effects were heterogeneous between studies. Future studies with no-exercise control groups of people with ME/CFS/SEID are needed to obtain a more precise estimate of the effect of exercise on fatigue in this population.

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Raw Accelerometer Data Analysis with GGIR R-package: Does Accelerometer Brand Matter?

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the agreement between outputs from contemporaneous measures of acceleration from wrist-worn GENEActiv and ActiGraph accelerometers when processed using the GGIR open source package. Methods: Thirty-four participants wore a GENEActiv and an ActiGraph GT3X+ on their nondominant wrist continuously for 2 d to ensure the capture of one 24-h day and one nocturnal sleep. GENEActiv.bin files and ActiGraph .csv files were analyzed with R-package GGIR version 1.2-0. Key outcome variables were as follows: wear time, average magnitude of dynamic wrist acceleration (Euclidean norm minus one [ENMO]), percentile distribution of accelerations, time spent across acceleration levels in a 40-mg resolution, time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA: total, 10-min bouts), and duration of nocturnal sleep. Results: There was a high agreement between accelerometer brands for all derived outcomes (wear time, MVPA, and sleep; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.96), ENMO (ICC = 0.99), time spent across acceleration levels (ICC > 0.93), and accelerations ≥50th percentile of the distribution (ICC > 0.82). ENMO (mean ± SD, GENEActiv = 29.9 ± 20.7 mg, ActiGraph = 27.8 ± 21.4 mg) and accelerations between the 5th and the 75th percentile of the distribution measured by the GENEActiv were significantly higher than those measured by the ActiGraph. Correspondingly, the number of minutes recorded between 0 and 40 mg was significantly greater for the ActiGraph (745 min cf. 734 min), and the number of minutes recorded between 40 and 80 mg was significantly greater for the GENEActiv (110 min cf. 105 min). Conclusion: Derived outcomes (wear time, MVPA, and sleep) were similar between brands. Brands compared well for acceleration magnitudes >50–80 mg but not lower magnitudes indicative of sedentary time. Caution is advised when comparing the magnitude of ENMO between brands, but there was a high consistency between brands for the ranking of individuals for activity and sleep outcomes.

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Apoptosis of T-Cell Subsets after Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise

Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIT) exercise has gained much interest in both performance and recreational sports. This study aims to compare the effect of HIT versus continuous (CONT) exercise with regard to changes of circulating T cells and progenitor cells. Methods: Subjects (n = 23) completed an HIT test and an isocaloric CONT test. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 3 and 24 h postexercise for the assessment of low differentiated (CD3+CD28+CD57−), highly differentiated T cells (CD3+CD28−CD57+), regulatory T cells (Tregs) (CD4+CD25+CD127−), hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD45+CD34+), and endothelial progenitor cells (CD45−CD34+KDR+) by flow cytometry. The detection of apoptosis was performed by using labeling with annexin V. To analyze potential mechanisms affecting T cells, several hormones and metabolites were analyzed. Results: Both exercise tests induced an increase of catecholamines, cortisol, and thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (P

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Incidence of intracranial haemorrhage in low-birth weight infants and its outcome: a hospital based prospective study

2016-09-17T02-58-17Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Rajesh Debbarma, Asim De, Sanjib Debbarma.
Background: Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most important neurological complications in low birth weight (LBW) infants, especially in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during the neonatal period. The objectives of the present study was to determine the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage among the low birth weight infants (


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Response to the “Letter to the Editor” by Dant, Stricklin and Millage on our Article: “Subject-Based versus Population- Based Care after Radiation Exposure”

Radiation Research, Volume 186, Issue 3, Page 323-323, September 2016.


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Comments on “Subject-Based versus Population-Based Care after Radiation Exposure” by Yu et al. (Radiation Research 184, 46–55, 2015)

Radiation Research, Volume 186, Issue 3, Page 322-322, September 2016.


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