EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS ON POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BROAD BEANS (VICIA FABA)

2016-07-18T01-07-28Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Pinki Saini, Priyanka Singh, Shreyasi Dubey, and Ayushi Srivastava.
Objective: The effects of processing on total phenolic components and antioxidant activity in commonly consumed broad bean was investigated. Methods: The raw and processed samples were extracted with 70% methanol and analysed for antioxidant components and antioxidant activity. Results: Processing of legumes caused decrease in total phenolic content when compared to the raw samples. However, the dry heating caused remarkable increase in tannin contents (6.98±0.53 g TAE/100 g extract). The flavanoid and β carotene content was significantly reduced on processing of samples. Raw sample of D. lablab was found to possess the highest DPPH (73.5±2.5%), Reducing power (4.9±0.68 mg ascorbic acid/gm) and Iron chelating capacity than other samples. Conclusion: Maximum retention of antioxidant activity was observed in dry heated samples. Higher correlation was found between phenolic content and chelating capacity (r2=0.945) but a poor correlation with DPPH. Moreover, the content of tannins gave good correlation (r2=0.7450.913) with Iron chelating and DPPH assays.


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IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY STUDY FOR HER-2/NEU EXPRESSION IN LESIONS OF UTERINE CERVIX

2016-07-18T01-07-28Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Pramod Sarwade, Sunita Patil, Rajan Bindu.
Objectives: 1. To study expression of HER-2/neu in lesions of uterine cervix by immunohistochemistry. 2. To correlate expression of HER-2/neu with histological type, grade and stage of cervical malignancy. Methods: Total 50 cases were included during the period from October 2013 to October 2015. Immunohistochemical studies were done on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks with HER-2/neu antibody. Results: Out of fifty cases, 10 cases (20%) of adenocarcinoma (ADC), 1 case (2%) of adenosquamous carcinoma, 4 cases (8%) of CIN, 3 cases (6%) of chronic cervicitis, 2 cases (4%) of chronic cervicitis with squamous metaplasia, 30 cases (60%) of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (SCC). And It Amongst 9 cases of poorly differentiated SCC cases, 2 cases showed 1+ positivity, 2 cases showed 2+ positivity, 1 case showed 3+ positivity. Out of 16 cases of moderately differentiated SCC, 4 cases showed 1+ positivity, 4 cases showed 2+ positivity, 2 cases showed 3+ positivity. Among 5 cases of well differentiated SCC, 2 cases showed 1+ positivity. Out of 10 cases of adenocarcinoma of cervix, 2 cases of well differentiated adenocarcinoma showed 1+ positivity. Each 2 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma showed 1+ and 2+ positivity. Cervical carcinoma cases with involvement of lymph node and parametrium showed stronger HER-2/neu staining. Conclusion: Higher HER-2/neu expression was noted in malignant lesion as compared to benign lesions. Stronger HER-2/neu expression was noted among higher stage tumors and those with parametrial and lymph node involvement.


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CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE POISONING

2016-07-18T01-07-28Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Shreya M. Shah, Pratik D. Asari, Anand J. Amin.
Objectives: The present study was conducted with aim to generate the clinico-epidemiological data of Acute Poisoning cases presented at hospital which in turn would be helpful in planning rational use of available resources for prevention and management of poisoning cases. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study was carried out from October, 2013 to March, 2014. Patients of either sex of above 12 years of age of acute poisoning admitted in medicine emergency ward were included. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and results were expressed as percentage and mean. Results: Of 340 cases, male and female patients were 216(63.53%) and 124(36.47%) respectively. Male: female ratio was 1.74:1. Most of the cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years (38.82%). Ingestion was the most common route of exposure (71.47%). Intentional (suicidal) poisoning was recorded in 62.06% cases followed by accidental poisoning (37.94%). Common causes of poisoning were poisonous bites (25.88%) followed by organophosphate (19.41%) and unknown compound (19.41%) ingestion. Commonly observed symptoms were vomiting, local symptoms in cases of bites, altered sensorium, giddiness and breathing difficulty. Average number of days of hospitalization was 5.39 days. Complete recovery and mortality were seen in 66.47% and 16.47% cases respectively. Conclusion: Acute Poisoning is one of the leading causes of hospital admissions and mortalities. High costs of treatment and intensive care burden makes poisoning an important area for further research. The current study has managed to contribute substantial additional information regarding the epidemiology and outcome of poisoning in a tertiary care hospital at a district level.


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STUDY OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL

2016-07-18T01-07-28Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Prakash P. Malam, Anand J. Amin, Ashish C. Zala, Vipul M. Navadiya, Dhruv Patel, Dharna A. Patel.
Objective: Increasing evidence has underlined the importance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type-II diabetes mellitus and its contribution to the associated complications. However the correlation between oxidative stress parameters and blood glucose levels is not clearly understood. Method: Present study was done to evaluate the oxidative stress parameters in patients with type-II diabetes mellitus and to check the correlation, if any, between these parameters and blood glucose. Plasma malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were measured in thirty type-II diabetes mellitus and thirty normotensive subjects. Fasting and post-prandial blood glucose correlation was analyzed by Pearsons correlation. Result: Enhanced oxidative stress was observed in type-II diabetes mellitus subjects as denoted by raised plasma malondialdehyde levels and reduced superoxide dismutase levels. Conclusion: Plasma malondialdehyde correlated positively whereas superoxide dismutase showed negative correlation with blood glucose in type-II diabetes mellitus subjects. No significant correlation was observed between these parameters and blood glucose levels in normotensive controls.


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THE ROLE OF DECOY CELLS IN URINE CYTOLOGY IN DETECTION OF POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN POST RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

2016-07-18T01-07-28Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Pavithra P., Praveen S. Kumar.
Objective: To assess the role of urine cytology as a simple and noninvasive tool in assessment of post renal transplant polyoma virus infection Case Report: Polyoma virus BK can infect the renal transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy resulting in progressive renal allograft dysfunction and graft loss. We report a case of 42 year old male who underwent renal transplant six weeks ago followed by immunotherapy, had signs of rejection in the immediate post- transplant period for which he was put on antithymocyte globulin. He now presented with dysuria and urine cytology was done. Viral cytopathic effect in the form of enlarged nucleus with basophilic viral intranuclear inclusions and ground glass chromatin known as decoy cells were seen. Conclusion: Urine cytology can be used as a simple and cost effective screening method for monitoring the renal transplant patients for polyoma virus allograft nephropathy


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ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL IN FEMALE STUDENTS OF RESIDENTIAL COLLEGE USING GLOBAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE: A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS

2016-07-17T23-11-17Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Hiral Shah, Hitarthi Dhami, Tarpan Shah.
Background: We are facing a rising trend of NCDs (Non-communicable diseases) associated with sedentary lifestyle. Students who are obese or develop obesity during college years are at increased risk for continued obesity throughout adulthood. Present study was conducted with an objective to study prevalence of sedentary lifestyle among college students and its epidemiological correlates, in particular with the association with hostel residence. Methodology: Cross-sectional analysis of 50 female residential students of age ranged from 19-22 years was conducted for assessment of BMI and Physical activity level by Global Physical Acivity Questinnaire (GPAQ). Informed consent was obtained prior. From GPAQ questionnaire Physical activity level and BMI data was collected and analysis was done. Result: Out of 50 subjects 26% subjects were having vigorous PA. 62% subjects were having moderate PA. 12% subjects were having low PA. Out of 50 subjects 42% subjects were in normal categories. 10% subjects were Overweight. 48% subjects were Underweight. Discussion: In present study, reason for poor physical activity level in 12% students may be physical inactivity during the daily routine and travel domain. They can be encouraged to improve their physical activity level on daily basis. College activities should include compulsory extra-curricular activities to be undertaken by the students such as including sports, athletics, aerobics or yoga. Conclusion: 12% subjects were found to have low PA. 10% subjects were Overweight. 48% subjects were Underweight. There is still a need to encourage students in residential college to be active on routine basis to prevent shattering burden of non-communicable diseases in society.


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ASSOCIATION OF SERUM MAGNESIUM WITH GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2016-07-17T23-11-17Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
A. Velayutharaj, R. Saraswathi, R. Shivakumar, S. Saha, G. Niranjan, R. Ramesh, AR. Sreenivasan.
Background - Context: Magnesium is an essential intracellular cation involved in many carbohydrate oxidation enzyme reactions and in glucose transporting mechanisms besides its involvement in insulin secretion, binding and activity. Body concentrations of Mg++ lowered by poor glycemic control and may predispose for diabetic complications. Objective: To compare the levels of serum magnesium in type 2 diabetes patients with glycemic control, insulin resistance and lipid profile. Design, setting and patients: 90 type 2 Diabetes patients who are undergoing treatment protocol were followed by a tertiary care hospital and the correlation of serum magnesium levels assessed against indicators of glycemic control and insulin resistance. Main outcome: Since hypomagnesemia is a prime risk factor for the development of micro and macro vascular complications, this study was undertaken to find out the association, if any, between hypomagnesemia, glycemic control, lipid profile and insulin resistance. The results: A plasma Magnesium concentration of 40 (out of 90) type 2 diabetes patients in our study were below the reference range (mean 1.4±0.22 mg %). In patients with hypomagnesemia, the mean Glycated hemoglobin was 9.1±1.4%, which was 130% higher than the mean Glycated hemoglobin value in normomagnesemic patients (6.98±1%) and found significant inverse correlationship between GlycatedHb levels and Serum Magnesium levels at a value of -0.713 with a p value less than 0.01 and also showed significant correlationship with HOM Air values, Fasting blood glucose, and HDL-C levels and TAG levels. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients with T2DM reduces insulin sensitivity and may increase the risk of secondary complications. And there was a direct correlation between HDL-C and Magnesium levels; hence it is advisable to periodically monitor plasma Mg++ concentrations in diabetic patients, especially those with other risk factors such as alcoholism, familial history of CVD, etc. to reduce future complications.


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