Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of the use of the neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Design: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PEDro) using PICOS approach to formulate the research question, Controlled terms and Boolean operators. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined in advance. "Neuromuscular electrical stimulation" and "total knee arthroplasty" were used as keywords. The overall risk of bias was determined according to: random sequence generation, concealment, blinding mass of participants and staff, commissioning blind assessment results, incomplete data and loans received. Results: out of the 36 identified studies, six were included in the review (496 participants). In these studies, one group of patients followed a rehabilitation protocol (control-group) and the other followed a rehabilitation program plus a session of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES-group). Patients of NMES-groups got the best scores (Timed Up and Go Test, Stair-Climbing Test and Walk Test). NMES benefits were strong in the first postoperative weeks/months and gradually diminished. Conclusion: NMES allows a slightly better functional recovery following TKA, especially in the first period, with more evident benefits in patients with a severe lack of muscular activation. Nevertheless, there is no difference at medium-long term. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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