A Time Course Evaluation of Inflammatory and Oxidative Markers Following High Intensity Exercise in Horses: a Pilot Study

Exercise is a physiological stress resulting in reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators, the accumulation of which are thought to contribute to degenerative articular diseases. The horse is of particular interest in this regard as equine athletes are frequently exposed to repetitive bouts of high intensity exercise. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description of the response of articular and systemic oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers following high intensity, exhaustive exercise in horses. A group of horses (Ex) underwent repeated bouts of high intensity exercise, at a target heart rate of 180 bpm, until voluntary exhaustion. Baseline plasma and synovial fluid (SF) samples were taken 24 h prior to exercise, then at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h following exercise cessation. This time course was repeated in a group of non-exercised control horses (Co). Plasma and SF samples were analysed for prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant status (TAS), and glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The Ex group had significantly higher plasma NO at 0.5, 1, and 2 h; and higher plasma PGE₂ at 0.5 and 1 h compared to Co. SF PGE₂ and GAG were also higher in Ex horses at 8 h compared with Co. It is concluded that high intensity exercise in horses results in a rapid increase in systemic oxidative and inflammatory markers from 0.5-2 h after exercise, which is followed by local articular inflammation and cartilage turnover at 8 h post exercise.

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