Anesthetizing a child for a large compressive mediastinal mass with distraction techniques and music therapies as the sole agents

Anesthetic management of the child with an anterior mediastinal mass is challenging. The surgical/procedural goal typically is to obtain a definitive tissue diagnosis to guide treatment; the safest approach to anesthesia is often one that alters cardiorespiratory physiology the least. In severe cases, this may translate to little or no systemic sedatives/analgesics. Distraction techniques, designed to shift attention away from procedure-related pain (such as counting, listening to music, non–procedure-related talk), may be of great benefit, allowing for avoidance of pharmaceuticals.

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