The different effects of strength and endurance exercise training on COX-2 and mPGES-expression in mouse brain are independent of peripheral inflammation

Acute endurance exercise has been shown to modulate COX-2-expression, which is suggested to affect neuronal plasticity and learning. Here, we investigated the effect of regular strength and endurance training on cerebral COX-2-expression, inflammatory markers in the brain and circulating cytokines. Male C57BL/6N mice were assigned to either a sedentary control group (CG), an endurance training group (EG; treadmill running for 30 min/day, 5x/week, 10 weeks) or a strength training group (SG; strength training by isometric holding, same duration as EG). Four days after the last bout of exercise, blood and brain were collected and analyzed using real-time-PCR, western blot and a multiplexed immunoassay. In EG, COX-2 mRNA-expression in the cortex/hippocampus increased compared to CG. A significant increase of COX-2 protein levels was observed in both cortex/hippocampus and hypothalamus of mice from the SG. Nuclear factor (NF)B protein levels were significantly increased in mice from both exercise groups (hypothalamus). A significant increase in the expression of microsomal prostaglandin synthase, an enzyme downstream of COX-2, was found in the hypothalamus of both the EG and SG. While most inflammatory factors like IL-1α, IL-18and IL-2, decreased after training, a positive association was found between COX-2 mRNA-expression (cortex/hippocampus) and plasma IL-6 in the EG. Taken together, this study demonstrates that both endurance as well as strength training induces COX-2-expression in the cortex/hippocampus and hypothalamus of mice. A potential mediator of COX-2-expression after training might be circulating IL-6. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the role of inflammatory pathways on brain plasticity after training.

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