Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from Respiratory Tract Specimens

2016-04-03T19-51-08Z
Source: Cukurova Medical Journal
Hikmet Eda Alışkan, Şule Çolakoğlu, Jülide Sedef Göçmen.
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are two of the major pathogens in respiratory infections, treatment is usually started empirically. However, in recent years these two bacterial species are becoming increasingly resistant to a variety of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to detect in vitro resistance rates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae strains isolated from different lower respiratory clinical samples to the antibotics which are used for therapy of infections due to these pathogens and to evaluated in three years. Between the period of January 2012 to January 2015, 77 S.pneumoniae and 117 H.influenzae (120 sputum, 20 tracheal aspirate, 44 bronchoalveolar lavage isolate) strains, isolated from patients who were admitted to Baskent University Research and Practice Center of Adana, were included to the study. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standarts Institute (CLSI) guidelines. S.pneumoniae isolates which gave an inhibition zone diameter of >20 mm for oxacillin were considered susceptible for penicilin. For the isolates which had an oxacillin zone diameter of 2 mg/l) and 31.1 % were intermediately resistant to parenteral penicillin. Resistance rates to antibiotics were as follows: erythromycin 40 %, trimethoprim/sulphametoxazole (TMP/SMX) 54.5 % and ofloxacin 6.4 %. β-lactamases were detected in %15.6 of the H.influenzae isolates by nitrocefin positivity. There were 6.4 % H.influenzae strains that were resistant to ampicillin but nitrocefin negative and were identified as β-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) strains. Resistance rates for other antibiotics were as follows: ampicillin 28.6 %, cefaclor 36.5 % , cefuroxime 30.1 %, clarithromycin 9.6 %, cloramphenicol 7 % and TMP-SMX 43.9 %.


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