Practice Guideline for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is an important component of tuberculosis (TB) management in the United States to prevent new cases of TB disease. The risk of progression from TB infection to active disease in healthy adults is 5% to 10%, whereas the risk of progression in patients younger than 1 year is approximately 50% (Cruz & Starke, 2007). Factors associated with higher risk of progression include age younger than 5 years, recent TB infection, diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, immunocompromised status, or administration of immunosuppressive medications (Pediatric Tuberculosis Collaborative Group, 2004).

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