Gut Microbiota Differences in Children from Distinct Socioeconomic Levels Living in the Same Urban Area in Brazil.

Objective: To compare gut microbiota in impoverished children versus children of high socioeconomic status living in the same urban area in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate 100 children living in a slum and 30 children from a private school, aged between 5 and 11 years old, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To characterize the groups, data based on socioeconomic status, sanitation and housing conditions were collected. Anthropometric measurements and neonatal data were obtained from both groups. Gut microbiota were quantified in fecal samples by real-time PCR. Results: The children in the private school group had higher rates of Cesarean section and premature birth than the children in the slum group. Staphylococcus aureus (90% vs. 48.0%) and Clostridium difficile (100% vs. 43.0%) were more commonly found in the children from the private school than in the impoverished children (p

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