Study of metabolic complications after 1 year of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients in a tertiary care center in North Bengal

Bapilal Bala, Biswadev Basu Majumdar, Jyotirmoy Pal, Saikat Datta, Arunangshu Talukdar, Shyamasish Das

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2016 9(2):97-101

Aim: There are conflicting data regarding the incidence of metabolic abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-naive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Also, recommendations for the monitoring of fasting lipid and glucose by major world bodies is annually while this study demonstrates that significant changes occur in as early as 6 months. Design: The incidence and pattern of metabolic complications have been studied in a case series study design at a tertiary care center through 1 year of ART. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were followed for 1 year after initiating ART. Data collection and categorization were done according to the statistical software application such as mean comparison and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the statistical software IBM-SPSS (version 19 Chicago Inc.) assuming the significance at 95% of confidence interval (CI). Results: At the baseline, total mean cholesterol was 162.25 mg/dL, triglyceride (TG) was 126.57 mg/dL, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was 99.14 mg/dL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was 36.96 mg/dL. At 6 months total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, TG, and HDL-c increased by 12.49%, 15.01%, 14.93%, and 08.27%, respectively, and at 12 months these increased by 22%, 22.67%, 56.39%, and 14.98%, respectively, (P < 0.05). At the baseline, the mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) was 83.78 mg/dL while at 6 months and 12 months, the mean FBG was 88.18 mg/dL and 93.03 mg/dL, respectively, (P < 0.05). FBG was impaired in 11.9% and 17.8% of the patients at 6 months and 12 months, respectively. Diabetes was diagnosed in 4% of the patients at 12 months. Conclusion: ART has significant metabolic complications such as dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and increased body mass index (BMI) and requires proper monitoring and dose adjustment.

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