Evaluation of gum-elastic bougie with direct and indirect laryngoscope for infant difficult airway management: a Pierre Robin simulation model

Pierre Robin sequence is a collection of rare clinical findings including micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate, and airway management of these patients is generally difficult [1]. The tracheal tube introducer (gum-elastic bougie; GEB) is a commonly used airway tool for difficult intubation. We recently reported on the GEB utility for simulated infant difficult airway management modulated by cervical stabilization or anteflexion [2]. We hypothesized the GEB would facilitate tracheal intubation with direct and indirect laryngoscopes for difficult infant airway associated with congenital disease.

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