Inhibiting EZH2 rescued bupivacaine-induced neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord dorsal root ganglia in mice

Abstract

Purpose

In the present work, we intended to explore the function of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in modulated anesthetic reagent bupivacaine-induced neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord dorsal root ganglia (DRG).

Methods

Murine DRG explant was treated with 5 mM bupivacaine in vitro to induce neuronal apoptosis, which was examined by a TUNEL assay. Protein and mRNA expressions of EZH2 in bupivacaine-treated DRG were examined by western blot and qRT-PCR assays. EZH2 was downregulated by siRNA in bupivacaine-treated DRG. Its functional role in protecting bupivacaine-induced neuronal apoptosis was examined. In addition, apoptotic protein caspase-9 and EZH2-associated signaling pathway, and tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) were further investigated, by western blot assay, in EZH2-downregulated and bupivacaine-injured DRG.

Results

In vitro treatment of bupivacaine-induced DRG neuronal apoptosis, and upregulated EZH2 at both protein and mRNA levels. SiRNA transfection successfully downregulated EZH2, as confirmed by western blot and qRT-PCR assays. Examination of TUNEL assay showed that EZH2 downregulation rescued bupivacaine-induced DRG neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, in bupivacaine-injured DRG, EZH2 downregulation reduced caspase-9, whereas upregulated TrkC and phosphorylated-TrkC (p-TrkC).

Conclusion

EZH2 is upregulated, whereas inhibiting EZH2 exerted rescuing effect in anesthetics (bupivacaine)-induced spinal cord DRG. The possible downstream target of EZH2 inhibition may interact with caspase and TrkC signaling pathways.

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Correction to: A zebrafish model of foxe3 deficiency demonstrates lens and eye defects with dysregulation of key genes involved in cataract formation in humans

The authors noticed that Fig. 5A and B aspect ratios appeared sub-optimal in the online published version. This has now been changed.

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Evidence-Based Physiatry: Learning to Choose Wisely

No abstract available

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Orotracheal intubation in a patient with difficult airway by using fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation: A case report.

Related Articles

Orotracheal intubation in a patient with difficult airway by using fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation: A case report.

J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2018 Apr;18(2):125-128

Authors: Yun HJ, So E, Karm MH, Kim HJ, Seo KS

Abstract
In cases of a difficult intubation where numerous intubation methods, including laryngoscopy, have failed, yet oral intubation is still necessary, the method of tube exchange after fiberoptic nasal intubation may be attempted. Fiberoptic nasal intubation allows intubation to be performed relatively easily when the laryngeal view grade is poor. We report a case in which our attempt at oral intubation for total maxillectomy with laryngoscopy and fiberoptic oral intubation had failed due to an unexpected difficult airway; subsequently, we successfully completed the surgery by performing fiberoptic nasal intubation to secure the airway, followed by using a tube exchanger to exchange to an oral endotracheal tube.

PMID: 29744389 [PubMed]

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Effect of Bougie-Guided Nasal Intubations upon Bleeding: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Related Articles

Effect of Bougie-Guided Nasal Intubations upon Bleeding: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2018 Apr;46(2):96-99

Authors: Vadhanan P, Tripaty DK

Abstract
Objective: Bleeding due to inadvertent trauma is a troublesome complication of nasal intubations. A lot of methods have been suggested to minimise this problem. A flexible bougie can be passed atraumatically via the nasal route to the trachea and an appropriate-sized endotracheal tube can be railroaded over it to avoid this problem. The primary objective of the study was to compare the severity of bleeding with bougie-guided and conventional nasotracheal intubations on a subjective scale. The time taken for successful intubations and the number of attempts required were also noted.
Methods: This randomised controlled study was performed in 40 adult patients requiring nasotracheal intubations for various elective surgeries over a 3-month period in a teaching hospital. The patients after satisfying the inclusion criteria were randomised into two groups of 20 each: Bougie-guided (Group B) and Not Bougie-guided (Group NB). Group B patients were intubated by railroading the endotracheal tube over a flexible bougie, and Group NB patients were intubated conventionally without the bougie. The degree of bleeding was noted on a subjective scale as nil, mild, moderate or severe. The time taken for intubation in seconds and the number of attempts taken were noted. The degree of bleeding was compared using Mann-Whitney U test, and the time taken for intubation was compared using the Student's t test after assessing normalcy. An alpha error of 5% was used, and p values less than 0.05% were considered significant.
Results: All patients randomised completed the study. The degree of bleeding was lesser in the Bougie-guided group than in the conventional group (p=0.02), and the time taken for intubation was longer in the bougie-guided group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Using a bougie routinely for nasal intubations might minimise trauma during nasal intubations but increase the time taken for intubation marginally. The success rates for intubations may also be better.

PMID: 29744243 [PubMed]

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The impact of tumor differentiation on the prognosis of HBV-associated solitary hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy: A propensity score matching analysis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences

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Prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by transient elastography: Genetic and metabolic risk factors in a general population

Liver International

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